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- <text id=89TT0552>
- <title>
- Feb. 27, 1989: Knocking On Death's Door
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Feb. 27, 1989 The Ayatullah Orders A Hit
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- PRESS, Page 49
- Knocking on Death's Door
- </hdr><body>
- <p>In covering tragedies, do journalists go too far?
- </p>
- <p> When serial murderer Ted Bundy was executed last month,
- Detroit-area editors and news directors followed one of
- journalism's most unshakable maxims: develop the local angle. In
- the case of Bundy, the local hook was Caryn Campbell, a
- 24-year-old nurse from Dearborn, Mich., whom Bundy murdered in
- Colorado in 1975. But what was second nature to most
- journalists was yet another horrible reminder for the Campbell
- family. "Any article or news report about Ted Bundy always
- included Caryn's name and the fact that `her nude and frozen
- body was found in a snowbank,'" wrote her sister, Nancy
- McDonald, in a letter published in the Detroit News last week.
- "It's been extremely difficult for us to accept Caryn's loss and
- the way her body was found, but we, her family, did not need to
- hear, see and read the same fact for 14 years."
- </p>
- <p> It would have been difficult to do justice to the Bundy
- story without in some way describing his grisly crimes. But on
- the day of his execution, did a Detroit TV station really have
- to rebroadcast file footage of Campbell's 1975 funeral? Last
- week 250 journalists, health-care professionals and members of
- the clergy gathered in Manhattan to explore such questions at a
- conference titled "Death, the Media and the Public: Needs of the
- Bereaved." Sponsored by the Foundation of Thanatology, a New
- York City-based organization devoted to studying bereavement, as
- well as the Dallas Morning News and the Milwaukee Journal, the
- three-day symposium covered everything from obituaries to the
- role of "Media as Murderer." "The press has been covering crime
- and death for centuries," says Texas Christian University
- journalism professor Tommy Thomason, "but we are just beginning
- to think about how we cover it."
- </p>
- <p> By most accounts, there is much room for improvement. In a
- 1985 survey by the American Society of Newspaper Editors, more
- than 78% of the people questioned believed the press does not
- "worry much about hurting people." Almost two-thirds of the
- respondents agreed that journalists take advantage of victims of
- circumstance. Perhaps the worst transgressor is the TV camera
- operator who zooms in on the face of a dead person's relative --
- and stays there as the face dissolves in grief. Says Anne
- Seymour, public affairs director for the National Victim Center
- in Fort Worth: "Any time there is a yellow line, some
- journalists in the interest of news will cross over."
- </p>
- <p> When covering death, reporters and editors face a difficult
- paradox: the best material in a journalistic sense very often
- turns out to be what is most painful to grieving survivors. News
- organizations, driven by intense competition, rarely let concern
- for a victim's privacy get in the way of a scoop. The push for
- live coverage of late-breaking news has put local TV stations
- in the uncomfortable position of being able to broadcast word
- of a person's death before the victim's family has been
- officially notified.
- </p>
- <p> Several news organizations have responded to public
- criticism by adopting new codes of behavior. WCCO-TV in
- Minneapolis, for example, forbids its reporters to ask victims'
- relatives how they feel. When the family of a hit-and-run
- victim asked television reporters to stay away from the funeral
- last month, WCCO agreed, even though its competitors did not.
- Rosemary McManus, assistant editor at Long Island's Newsday in
- New York, says she never sends a reporter to the home of a
- victim until she is sure the family is aware of the death, and
- always instructs her reporters to honor a relative's refusal to
- talk. "It is one of the few situations in journalism where you
- should take no for an answer," she says. (However, she does
- advise the reporter to leave a business card in case the person
- has a change of heart.)
- </p>
- <p> A different set of issues arises when reporters do gain
- access to victims. Jacqui Banaszynski, a reporter for the St.
- Paul Pioneer Press Dispatch, won a Pulitzer Prize last year for a
- lengthy series about a gay couple dying of AIDS. Privy to the
- most intimate details of the lives of both the men and their
- families, Banaszynski had to balance her sense of loyalty to
- her subjects against her desire to make the series as truthful
- as possible. "I would not print information so private that it
- would harm without enhancing," she says.
- </p>
- <p> Reporters who are exposed to death on a regular basis can
- suffer some of the same psychological effects as grieving
- survivors. "Even though most reporters don't have a close
- personal relationship with anyone killed," says Vanderlyn Pine, a
- sociology professor at the State University of New York, "the
- grief component is just as serious as (for) anyone who does."
- Banaszynski says the stress from working on her series took a
- toll on her physical health. Free-lance writer Joe Levine of
- New York City was haunted by dreams about AIDS after he
- completed a long profile of a man who was dying of the disease.
- Such experiences may hold the key to improving coverage, since
- reporters who have been affected by seeing death close up may
- become more sensitive to the needs of the bereaved.
- </p>
- <p> But most journalists at last week's conference held out
- little hope for reforming the way death is covered. "We have a
- commercial interest in catastrophe," admits Milwaukee Journal
- editor Sig Gissler. The most realistic changes that can be
- hoped for, agreed the journalists, are slight improvements in
- tone and treatment. Said Newsday columnist Sydney Schanberg: "If
- we see only five seconds instead of 30 seconds of ghoulish film,
- we've made progress."
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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